Nucleus
-Nucleus is discovered by Robert Brown in 1831.
. It is the largest organelles of the cell.
. Nucleus is a double membrane bound body.
. It us covered by a membrane which is called nucleus envelope
. Nucleus envelop is a similar to the plasma membrane.
. In this membrane tiny sponges present.
. Through the substances can pass between it
.the nucleus contains the bodies’ genetic material which direct all the metabolic activity of the cell so it is also known as controller or director of the cell.
Structure of nucleus-
- Nuclear envelop
- Nuclear plasm
- Chromatin
- Nucleolus
-nuclear membrane separates the genetic material form the cytoplasm
-it act as a barrio because it does not enter large molecule/macromolecule
-inner side of the nuclear membrane present nucleus lamina which act as a mechanical support to the nuclear membrane.
Nucleoplasm-
It is a fluid that present inside the nucleus which called nucleoplasm.
-nucleus contains genetic material material which is called chromatin (in the form of DNA)
Nucleolus
-It is a tiny nucleus.
-it manufactured and assembles of ribosome.
Mitochondria
-Mitochondria are nod shape or sausage shape structure in the cytoplasm
– It length about 1-10 um
-It produces 90% of cell energy in the form of ATP
-It converts nutrient into ATP in the presence of one gen
-No of mitochondria depend upon physiological activity of the cell like as liver cell present 100-200 cell of mitochondria
-mitochondria is a double membrane bound structure
Functions —-
-Producing energy
-cell dead (apoptosis)
-Heat production
-Mitochondria is also called power house of cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Endoplasmic mean inside cytoplasm and reticulum mean network
– It is a organelle composed by membrane sheet and tubules for canal in the cytoplasm
There are two type of reticulum
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum –
-it does not contain ribosomal granules on its outer surface so it having smooth surface
-It main function is lipid synthesis. Production of steroid hormone and detoxification
-It is also responsible for synthesis of non-portion substance like as cholesterol
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum –
– It contain ribosomal granules on its outer surface so it is having rough surface which are located near to cytoplasm
-these are the cytoprotin synthesis
– It helps in formation of antibody
-It helps in transportation of material
